Syria Travel Guide

Introduction

Syria, a country with a rich history and diverse culture, offers travelers a unique and unforgettable experience. Nestled in the heart of the Middle East, it boasts a mix of ancient ruins, vibrant markets, and picturesque landscapes. While recent history has been tumultuous, many areas are now safe for travel, and the Syrian people are known for their hospitality and resilience. This guide will help you navigate the best of what Syria has to offer, from historical sites to culinary delights.

What to Do and See

When visiting Syria, there are several must-see attractions that highlight the country's historical and cultural significance.

Damascus: As the capital city, Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Key sites include the Umayyad Mosque, a masterpiece of Islamic architecture, and the ancient souks where you can shop for traditional crafts and spices.

Palmyra: This ancient city is renowned for its stunning ruins, including the Temple of Bel and the Roman theater. Despite damage from recent conflicts, restoration efforts are underway, making it a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts.

Aleppo: Another historic city, Aleppo is famous for its citadel, souks, and the Great Mosque. The city’s resilience and ongoing reconstruction efforts are a testament to its enduring spirit.

Homs and Hama: These cities are known for their medieval castles and the Norias of Hama, large wooden water wheels that have been in use for centuries.

History and Culture

Syria's history dates back to ancient times, with evidence of human civilization stretching back over 10,000 years. The region has been home to various empires, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Assyrians, and Persians, and later the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans.

The blend of these influences is evident in Syria’s architecture, language, and cultural practices. Syrians take great pride in their cultural heritage, which includes traditional music, dance, and storytelling. Festivals and cultural events are integral to Syrian life, providing a window into the country’s rich traditions.

Gastronomy

Syrian cuisine is a delightful blend of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern flavors, characterized by its use of fresh ingredients and aromatic spices. Some must-try dishes include:

Mezze: A variety of small dishes such as hummus, baba ghanoush, and tabbouleh, typically served as appetizers.

Shawarma: Marinated meat cooked on a spit and served in pita bread with tahini sauce and vegetables.

Fattoush: A refreshing salad made with mixed greens, tomatoes, cucumbers, and crispy pita bread, dressed with lemon juice and olive oil.

Kibbeh: A traditional dish made from bulgur wheat, minced onions, and finely ground lean beef, lamb, or goat meat, often shaped into balls or patties.

Baklava: A sweet dessert made of layers of filo pastry filled with chopped nuts and sweetened with syrup or honey.

Dining in Syria is not just about the food but also about the experience, with meals often being social events that bring people together.

Social Life

Syrian social life is vibrant and community-oriented. Cafés and teahouses play a central role in daily life, serving as places where people gather to socialize, discuss politics, or play backgammon. Coffee culture is strong, with traditional Arabic coffee often served alongside sweet treats.

Syrians are known for their hospitality and friendliness towards visitors. It is common to be invited into homes for a meal or a cup of tea. Social events, such as weddings and religious festivals, are important occasions that showcase traditional music, dance, and customs.

The souks (markets) are also social hubs where people shop, barter, and catch up with friends and neighbors. Visiting a local souk offers a great opportunity to experience the local culture and purchase unique souvenirs.

Landscapes

Syria's landscapes are as diverse as its cultural heritage. From coastal regions to mountains and deserts, the country offers a variety of natural beauty.

Coastal Areas: The Mediterranean coastline provides beautiful beaches and ancient port cities like Latakia and Tartus, where you can enjoy fresh seafood and scenic views.

Mountains: The Anti-Lebanon mountain range and Mount Hermon offer opportunities for hiking and exploring picturesque villages. Maaloula, a village where Aramaic, the language of Jesus, is still spoken, is a highlight.

Deserts: The Syrian Desert, part of the larger Arabian Desert, is home to stunning landscapes and historical sites like Palmyra. Desert safaris and camel rides provide a unique way to experience this starkly beautiful environment.

Rivers and Oases: The Euphrates and Orontes rivers are vital to Syria's agriculture and provide lush oases in otherwise arid regions. The Al-Ghab plain, a fertile area near the Orontes River, is particularly scenic.

From ancient ruins to vibrant cities and stunning natural landscapes, Syria offers a rich and diverse experience for any traveler. Despite the challenges it has faced, the country's enduring culture and history make it a fascinating destination worth exploring.